Abstract: Photocatalysis is a new technology developed rapidly in recent years, which uses solar energy for energy conversion and environmental purification. Molybdenum disulfide has a layered structure and is the representative of transition metal chalcogenides. It has become a good catalyst because of its narrow band gap, many active sites and large specific surface area, and is widely used in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The domestic and international research status of different types of molybdenum disulfide-based heterojunction catalysts (metal oxides, bismuth-based materials, silver-based materials, metal sulfides, graphite carbon nitride, graphene oxide) were introduced. The preparation methods and photocatalytic degradation effects of organic pollutants of molybdenum disulfide-based heterojunction catalysts were compared, and their degradation mechanisms were briefly described. The results showed that the coupling effect of molybdenum disulfide could effectively improve the photocatalytic activity of matrix materials. Future research should continue to focus on the development of high efficient, stable and recyclable molybdenum disulfide-based heterojunction catalysts.