基于车载测试的轻型汽车排放特征

陈婷; 何潇; 陈文倩; 颜敏; 徐光仪; 郑轩

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210256

基于车载测试的轻型汽车排放特征

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210256

陈婷^1,,
何潇¹,
陈文倩¹,
颜敏²,
徐光仪³,
郑轩^1, ,

1.
深圳大学化学与环境工程学院
2.
深圳市环境科学研究院
3.
河北省环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51978404）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈婷(1997—)，女，硕士，主要研究方向为机动车尾气有机物排放特征，chentingcjp@163.com

通讯作者:
郑轩(1983—)，男，研究员，主要从事机动车排放特征与控制策略研究，x-zheng11@szu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X51
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-13

Emission characteristics of light-duty vehicles based on portable emission measurement system (PEMS)

1.
College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University
2.
Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences
3.
Hebei Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
选择11辆轻型汽车作为研究对象，利用车载测试系统（portable emission measurement system，PEMS）研究了轻型汽车气态污染物排放和油耗特征。结果表明：轻型汽车一氧化碳（carbon monoxide，CO）、氮氧化物（nitrogen oxides，NO_x）和总碳氢化合物（total hydrocarbons，THC）的排放因子分别为（910.4±822.6）、（58.0±48.3）和（21.6±16.1）mg/km，且其排放速率随发动机比功率-速度（vehicle specific power-velocity，VSP-v）增大而增加，冷启动期间CO、NO_x和THC的排放量占排放总量的11.2%±2.1%、3.7%±5.4%和52.7%±4.6%。轻型汽车瞬态油耗速率随VSP-v的增大而增加，车辆相对油耗在平均车速低于15 km/h时显著上升，车速在40 km/h以上时油耗随车速变化呈平稳的趋势。20 ℃时CO、NO_x和THC排放速率高于1 ℃时的排放速率；1 ℃的环境温度使油耗速率增加，尤其在车辆高速行驶时，1 ℃时其油耗速率比20 ℃时高27.1%±24.5%。
- 轻型汽车 /
- 气态污染物 /
- 油耗 /
- 喷油方式 /
- 冷启动 /
- 行驶工况 /
- 环境温度
Abstract:
The emission characteristics of gaseous pollutants and the fuel consumption from eleven gasoline light-duty gasoline cars were studied, using the portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The results showed that the emission factors of light-duty gasoline cars were (910.4±822.6) mg/km for carbon monoxide (CO), (58.0±48.3) mg/km for nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and (21.6±16.1) mg/km for total hydrocarbons (THC), respectively. The emission rates of CO, NO_x, and THC increased with the increase of vehicle specific power-velocity (VSP-v), and the emissions in the cold start phase accounted for 11.2%±2.1%, 3.7%±5.4%, and 52.7%±4.6% of the total CO, NO_x, and THC mass, respectively. The transient fuel consumption rates of the light-duty gasoline cars increased with the increase of VSP-v. Vehicle relative fuel consumption increased significantly as the vehicle average speed was less than 15 km/h, and increased slightly as the vehicle average speed was over 40 km/h. The emission rates of CO, NO_x, and THC at 20 ℃ were higher than those at 1 ℃. Ambient temperature also dramatically influenced vehicle fuel consumption rate. Especially when the vehicle was running at high speed, the fuel consumption rate at 1 ℃ was 27.1%±24.5% higher than that at 20 ℃.
- light-duty vehicles /
- gaseous pollutants /
- fuel consumption /
- injection method /
- cold start /
- driving conditions /
- ambient temperature

HTML全文

图 1 车辆排放测试系统示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of vehicle emission test system

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图 2 微观运行模态下CO、NO_x和THC的排放速率

Figure 2. Emission rates of CO, NO_x, and THC under micro-operating mode

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图 3 GDI和PFI车冷启动阶段CO、NO_x和THC排放贡献

Figure 3. Emission contributions of CO, NO_x, and THC for GDI and PFI vehicles in cold start phase

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图 4 GDI和PFI车辆在微观运行模态下的平均油耗速率

Figure 4. Average fuel consumption rates in micro-operating modes for GDI and PFI vehicles

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图 5 车辆平均速度和相对油耗因子的相关性

Figure 5. Correlations between averaged vehicle speeds and relative fuel consumption

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图 6 微观运行模态下不同环境温度的平均油耗速率

Figure 6. Average fuel consumption rates in micro-operating modes under different ambient temperatures

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表 1 测试车辆基本信息

Table 1. Details of tested vehicles

车辆编号	品牌	生产年份	排放标准	后处理	行驶里程/(10³ km)	排量/L	整备质量/kg	额定功率 /kW	喷油方式
1#	别克	2006	国2	TWC	132	1.6	1220	78	PFI
2#	丰田	2012	国4	TWC	59	1.6	1300	90	PFI
3#	别克	2017	国5	TWC	58	1.5	1225	81	PFI
4#	别克	2015	国5	TWC	91	1.4	1430	103	PFI
5#	大众	2016	国5	TWC	105	1.6	1265	87	PFI
6#	大众	2014	国4	TWC	29	1.8	1600	118	GDI
7#	东风	2016	国5	TWC	73	1.2	1305	100	GDI
8#	本田	2018	国5	TWC	11	1.5	1205	96	GDI
9#	雪佛兰	2018	国5	TWC	51	1.5	1520		GDI
10#	福特	2012	国4	TWC	131	1.8	1340		PFI
11#	别克	2015	国4	TWC	118	2.4	1595		PFI

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表 2 测试车辆在不同道路上的行驶里程和平均速度

Table 2. Mileage and average speed of tested vehicles on different roads

车辆编号	道路类型	行驶里程/km	平均速度/(km/h)	车辆编号	道路类型	行驶里程/km	平均速度/(km/h)
1#	城市道路	15.2	21	7#	城市道路	15.1	35
	市郊道路	15.1	57		市郊道路	15.1	82
	高速路	15.1	82		高速路	15.1	100
2#	城市道路	15.2	13	8#	城市道路	15.1	38
	市郊道路	15.1	47		市郊道路	15.2	76
	高速路	15.3	82		高速路	15.1	102
3#	城市道路	15.1	18	9#	城市道路	15.1	36
	市郊道路	15.3	58		市郊道路	15.1	80
	高速路	15.2	68		高速路	15.1	102
4#	城市道路	15.2	28	10#	城市道路	15.2	27
	市郊道路	15.3	69		市郊道路	15.2	71
	高速路	15.2	94		高速路	15.3	85
5#	城市道路	15.2	19	11#	城市道路	15.3	19
	市郊道路	15.3	65		市郊道路	15.2	44
	高速路	15.2	62		高速路	15.1	80
6#	城市道路	15.1	17
	市郊道路	15.2	39
	高速路	15.1	81

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表 3 轻型汽车Bin划分方法

Table 3. Bin distributions of light vehicles in this study

VSP/(kW/t)	v/(km/h)
VSP/(kW/t)	<1.6	1.6~40	40~80	≥80
≤−4	Bin1（怠速）	Bin11	Bin21	Bin35
−4~−2	Bin1（怠速）	Bin12	Bin22	Bin35
−2~0	Bin1（怠速）	Bin13	Bin23	Bin35
0~2	Bin1（怠速）	Bin14	Bin24	Bin35
2~4	Bin1（怠速）	Bin15	Bin25	Bin35
4~6	Bin1（怠速）	Bin16	Bin26	Bin36
6~8	Bin1（怠速）	Bin17	Bin27	Bin37
8~10	Bin1（怠速）	Bin18	Bin28	Bin38
10~12	Bin1（怠速）	Bin18	Bin29	Bin38
12~14	Bin1（怠速）	Bin18	Bin2X	Bin39
14~16	Bin1（怠速）	Bin18	Bin2Y	Bin39
16~20	Bin1（怠速）	Bin18	Bin2Y	Bin3X
>20	Bin1（怠速）	Bin18	Bin2Y	Bin3Y

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表 4 本研究与其他研究气态污染物的排放因子

Table 4. Emission factors of gaseous pollutants from this study and other studies mg/km　

测试方法	CO	NO_x	THC	数据来源
车载测试	910.4±822.6	58.0±48.3	21.6±16.1	本研究
台架测试	983.2±114.8	30.9±47.2	40.6±45.1	文献[26]
台架测试	713.3±460.0	86.8±49.2	72.3±47.9	文献[27]
台架测试	375.9±98.6	21.9±15.4	54.5±25.5	文献[28]

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