垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机质与重金属络合机制研究现状及展望

Current research situation and prospect of the complexation mechanism between dissolved organic matter and heavy metals in landfill leachate

  • 摘要: 垃圾渗滤液中富含的溶解性有机质(DOM)包含羟基、羧基、羰基等多种活性官能团,是重金属在环境介质中迁移的重要载体。垃圾渗滤液因来源不同,其中的DOM组分与重金属种类、含量也存在显著差异。 DOM 与重金属之间常见的反应以络合作用为主,该作用是影响渗滤液中DOM和重金属形态及环境行为效应的关键。然而,DOM络合过程十分复杂,为了解析络合作用,有效的表征方法及据此建立的络合模型,是厘清垃圾渗滤液DOM与重金属络合机制的重要技术手段。重点介绍了荧光技术、紫外-可见光谱法、红外光谱法等DOM表征方法以及常用的络合模型,综述了络合过程中pH、DOM组成、重金属离子等影响因素,以期揭示渗滤液中重金属的形态转化规律,为污染修复技术提供理论指导。

     

    Abstract: The dissolved organic matter rich in landfill leachate contains hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and other active functional groups. It is an important carrier for the migration of heavy metals in environmental media. Due to different sources of landfill leachate, there are also significant differences in DOM component composition, types and contents of heavy metals. The common reaction between DOM and heavy metals is mainly complexation whicn is the key to affect the forms and environmental behavior of DOM and heavy metals in leachate. However, due to the complexity of DOM complexation process and in order to analyze the complexation effect, an effective characterization method and a complexation model based on it are important technical means to clarify the complexation mechanism between DOM and heavy metals in landfill leachate. The authors focused on the DOM characterization methods such as fluorescence technology, UV-Vis spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy and common complexation models, and summarized the influencing factors such as pH, DOM composition and heavy metal ions in the complexation process, in order to provide theoretical guidance for pollution remediation technology and revealing the morphological transformation law of heavy metals in leachate .

     

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