Abstract: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is one of the most promising new nitrogen removal technologies for municipal wastewater in the future. Based on Anammox reaction mechanism, the operation control strategies of partial-nitrification coupled Anammox (PN/A) and partial-denitrification coupled Anammox (PD/A) under the condition of municipal wastewater were summarized, and the process modes of Anammox to strengthen the denitrification in municipal wastewater were elaborated. At the same time, the bottleneck problems hindering the realization of Anammox treatment from the perspective of engineering application were concluded. Finally, the nitrogen removal performance, effect of reducing consumption and emission, process characteristics and application scenarios of PN/A and PD/A in municipal wastewater were compared and analyzed, and the future research direction of Anammox was summarized and prospected, so as to provide reference for the transformation of urban sewage treatment to Anammox process.