Abstract: In order to fully understand the emission characteristics of microbial aerosols in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs), the research progress of microbial aerosols in MWWTPs at home and abroad was systematically expounded. The treatment facilities involving mechanical push flow and aeration mixing in MWWTPs, which included grid room, grit tank, aeration tank, and sludge dewatering room, were the main sources of microbial aerosols. Microbial aerosols were mainly distributed in the inhalable particle size range of less than 4.7 µm. There were differences in the population community of microbial aerosols at various wastewater treatment facilities. Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, and Escherichia coli were common potential pathogenic bacteria in microbial aerosols in the wastewater treatment facilities, which could pose a direct threat to human health through the mucous membrane, damaged skin, and digestive and respiratory tract. The emission characteristics of microbial aerosols in MWWTPs were affected by many factors such as type of sewage treatment process, type and rate of aeration, quality of influent water, temperature and relative humidity, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, and season.