基于生态系统服务重要性和生态敏感性的武汉市生态安全格局评价

方臣; 匡华; 贾琦琪; 陈曦; 朱正勇; 叶琴

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210335

基于生态系统服务重要性和生态敏感性的武汉市生态安全格局评价

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210335

方臣^1,,
匡华¹,
贾琦琪²,
陈曦¹,
朱正勇¹,
叶琴¹

1.
湖北省地质调查院
2.
武汉大学资源与环境科学学院

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目（DD20160076）；湖北省地质局科技项目(KJ2019-25、KJ2020-25、KJ2021-5）

详细信息

作者简介:
方臣(1989－)，男，工程师，硕士，主要从事生态环境遥感应用研究，824158657@qq.com

中图分类号: X52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-19

Evaluation of ecological security pattern in Wuhan City based on the importance of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity

1.
Hubei Geological Survey
2.
School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University

摘要

摘要:
生态型现代化城市是国家生态文明建设的重要支撑，构建生态安全格局是实现城市生态优先、绿色发展的重要基础。以武汉市为例，利用生态系统服务重要性和生态敏感性识别生态源地，通过最小累积阻力模型提取生态廊道，判别生态节点，构建武汉市生态安全格局。结果表明：武汉市共有98个生态源地，面积为2 214.7 km²，占全市总面积的25.82%，生态源地类型主要为水体，符合武汉市江河纵横、湖泊星布的水资源生态特点；提取重要生态廊道80条，长度为928 km，廊道相互交错，形成“五横四纵”的稳定生态网络结构；判别了6个生态节点（生态廊道的关键区位，保障生态空间整体连通性），最终组合构建了武汉市综合生态安全格局网络体系。以“源地—生态廊道—生态节点”模式的生态格局构建，能够识别重要生态功能区，明确区域生态安全风险，可为武汉市的城市生态安全保护和区域可持续发展提供科学依据。
- 生态系统服务重要性 /
- 生态敏感性 /
- 最小累积阻力 /
- 生态安全格局 /
- 武汉市
Abstract:
Ecological modern city is an important support for the construction of national ecological civilization, and the construction of ecological security pattern is an important basis for the realization of urban ecological priority and green development. Taking Wuhan City as an example, the importance of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity were used to identify the ecological sources, the ecological corridor was extracted through the minimum cumulative resistance model, the ecological nodes were identified, and the ecological security pattern of Wuhan City was constructed. The results showed that there were 98 ecological sources in Wuhan City, covering an area of 2 214.7 km² and accounting for 25.82% of the total area of the city. The main type of ecological source was water, and it conformed to the ecological characteristics of water resources of rivers and lakes in Wuhan City with crisscross rivers and scattered lakes. 80 important ecological corridors were extracted, with a length of 928 km. The corridors were staggered to form a stable ecological network structure of "five horizontal and four vertical". 6 ecological nodes, or the key location of the ecological corridor to ensure the overall connectivity of ecological space, were identified. Finally, the network system of comprehensive ecological security pattern in Wuhan City was constructed. The construction of ecological patterns based on the model of "source - ecological corridor - ecological node" could identify important ecological functional areas, clarify regional ecological security risks, and provide a scientific basis for the protection of urban ecological security and regional sustainable development of Wuhan City.
- ecosystem service importance /
- ecological sensitivity /
- minimum cumulative resistance /
- ecological security pattern /
- Wuhan City

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图 1 武汉市行政区划和土地利用现状

Figure 1. Present situation of administrative division and land use in Wuhan City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 武汉市生态系统服务重要性评价结果

Figure 2. Evaluation results of the importance of ecosystem services in Wuhan City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 武汉市生态敏感性评价结果

Figure 3. Evaluation results of ecological sensitivity in Wuhan City

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图 4 武汉市生态源地空间分布

Figure 4. Spatial distribution of ecological sources in Wuhan City

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图 5 武汉市生态源地行政区分布及其土地利用结构

Figure 5. Distribution of administrative regions and land use structure of ecological sources in Wuhan City

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图 6 武汉市生态累积阻力面空间分布

Figure 6. Spatial distribution of ecological cumulative resistance surface in Wuhan City

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图 7 武汉市生态安全格局

Figure 7. Ecological security pattern of Wuhan City

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表 1 武汉市生态阻力指标体系

Table 1. Index system of ecological resistance in Wuhan City

一级指标（权重）	二级指标（权重）	指标分级	景观阻力
土地利用类型（0.40）	土地利用类型（1.0）	林地	5
		草地	20
		耕地	50
		水域	20
		未利用地	55
		城镇建设用地	100
		农村居民点	80
		工矿用地	90
		高速公路	70
		普通公路	60
地形（0.15）	高程（0.4）	<150 m	20
		150~300 m	40
		300~450 m	60
		450~600 m	80
		>600 m	100
	坡度（0.6）	<5°	20
		5~10°	40
		10~15°	60
		15~25°	80
		≥25°	100
人类活动(0.25)	与道路距离（0.30）	>2 000 m	20
		1 500~2 000 m	40
		1 000~1 500 m	60
		500~1 000 m	80
		<500 m	100
	与水体距离（0.15）	<50 m	20
		50~150 m	40
		150~250 m	60
		250~400 m	80
		>400 m	100
	与居民点距离（0.30）	<500 m	20
		500~1 000 m	40
		1 000~2 000 m	60
		2 000~3 000 m	80
		>3 000 m	100
	兴趣点（POI）密度（0.25）	<300	20
		300~1 200	40
		1 200~2 400	60
		2 400~4 500	80
		>4 500	100
植被覆盖（0.20）	NDVI（0.25）	<0.3	20
		0.3~0.5	40
		0.5~0.6	60
		0.6~0.8	80
		>0.8	100

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