Design and application of on-site law enforcement and supervision information system for air pollutants emission from stationary sources based on IoT
-
摘要:
固定源大气环境执法工作亟需依托智能执法系统实现对企业违法排污行为精准定位以及污染物排放浓度快速监测取证。针对现行大气环境执法系统重管理、轻取证的普遍功能缺陷，采用物联网理念，有机组合筛选多尺度大气监测技术，依托多元数据传输与融合技术，实现机载、车载、便携式监测设备数据与执法系统的实时通信，通过系统数据库与内嵌分析计算模型，解决大气排放异常区域识别、现场大气污染物浓度快速监测执法取证、暗查式执法取证、执法流程引导、违法识别与超标判定、远程执法指挥等信息化智能执法功能，形成新一代软硬件结合的固定源大气污染物排放现场执法监管系统。该执法系统在钢铁、重金属等行业进行了大气环境执法示范，通过监测传感器物联采样，现场发现了企业排污口超标、厂界大气浓度超标、排气口批建一致性违规等问题，提出处罚意见并备案，显著提高了环境执法工作的执法效率与精准度。
Abstract:It is urgent for the law enforcement of the air pollutants emissions from stationary sources to rely on an intelligent law enforcement system to accurately locate the illegal emission behavior of enterprises, and quickly monitor and obtain the pollutant emission concentrations as the evidence. Aiming at the common functional defects of the current air environment law enforcement system, known as "paying more attention to the management than the evidence", a new-generation intelligent law enforcement and supervision system with integrated hardware and software was put forward. The concept of IoT was adopted in the new system, combined with multi-scale air monitoring technologies. The ability of real-time data transmission between airborne, on-board, portable monitoring equipment and the law enforcement system was achieved, which relied on multiple data transmission and integration technology. Through a database with embedded analysis and calculation models, intelligent law enforcement functions were realized, such as identification of areas with air pollutants emission anomalies, rapid monitoring and evidence collection of on-site air pollutant concentrations, covert inspection and evidence collection, law enforcement process guidance, recognition of law and standard violations, remote command of the law enforcement, etc. Air environment law enforcement demonstration was carried out in iron and steel, heavy metals and other industries. Through IoT monitoring sensor sampling, multiple on-site violations were discovered, such as the exceeding of emission standards from outlets, excessive air pollutant concentrations at the factory boundary, and the inconsistency of approval and construction of exhaust outlets. Penalty opinions were put forward and filed for the record provided. This process significantly improved the efficiency and accuracy of environmental law enforcement.
-
图 1 固定源大气污染物排放现场执法监管信息系统总体框架
Figure 1. Framework of on-site law enforcement and supervision information system for emission of stationary source air pollutants
图 2 固定源大气污染物排放现场执法监管信息系统业务流
Figure 2. Work flow of on-site law enforcement and supervision information system for emission of stationary source air pollutants
图 3 基于物联网的固定源大气污染物排放现场执法监管信息系统数据传输方式
Figure 3. Data transmission method of on-site law enforcement system for emission of stationary source air pollutants based on IoT
图 5 天津市某铅蓄电池企业环境执法情况
Figure 5. Law enforcement of a lead battery factory in Tianjin City
表 1 固定源大气污染物排放现场执法监管信息系统监测设备选型
Table 1. Selection of monitoring equipment of on-site law enforcement and supervision information system for emission of stationary source air pollutants
搭载类型 监测设备/传感器 监测对象 执法目标 机载 机载可见光拍摄仪 航拍厂区建筑设备（基于排污许可证的批建一致性监测）、排气筒烟气拖尾情况 厂区航拍 机载机红外热像仪 夜间航拍查企业环保设施运行情况、排气口温度 厂区夜间航拍（暗查） 机载紫外高光谱仪 走航监测SO2、NOx浓度分布 异常区识别 机载气体检测仪 监测分析CO等气体浓度分布 厂区排气异常识别 机载湿度检测仪 监测分析排气筒周边水汽 排气筒异常识别 车载 车载激光雷达扫描仪 扫描分析区域气溶胶分布情况 异常区域识别 车载DOAS遥测系统 走航监测厂界SO2、NO柱浓度，反演排气筒柱浓度 厂区排气异常识别 车载空气质量传感器 监测PM10、PM2.5、CO、SO2、NO2、O3等污染物浓度 环境监测 车载气象量传感器 监测风速、风向、温度、压力、湿度等 环境监测 低浓度多组分紫外分析仪 监测SO2、NO2、苯、甲苯等多组分气体浓度 厂界及无组织排放监测 手持便携 便携式烟气分析仪 监测SO2、NOx等排气筒主要污染物浓度 排气筒监测 便携式无组织颗粒物检测仪 监测无组织颗粒物浓度 厂界监测 便携式有组织颗粒物检测仪 监测有组织颗粒物浓度 排气筒监测 便携式烟气汞检测仪 监测汞浓度 排气筒监测 便携式烟气铅检测仪 监测铅浓度 排气筒监测 便携式非甲烷总烃检测仪 监测非甲烷总烃浓度 排气筒监测 便携式VOCs检测仪 监测无组织VOCs浓度 厂界监测/工艺环节泄漏监测 便携式红外夜视仪 夜间拍摄企业环保设施运行情况、排气口温度 厂区夜间设备运行、排气异常识别 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 清单式执法主要执法内容
Table 2. Main contents of checklist-type law enforcement form
执法检查类型 执法检查内容 排污许可证执行情况 排污单位排污许可证申报情况、排污口情况、年度报告和季度报告报送情况、执行报告规范性、自行监测开展情况、治理设施运行台账检查结果等 排气筒与采样平台设置情况 排气筒规范化情况、采样平台规范化情况等 大气污染防治设施建设运行情况 有组织污染防治设施建设运行情况、无组织污染防治设施建设运行情况、清洁运输设施建设运行情况等 自动在线监测情况 污染源自动在线监测设施建设规范化情况、自动监测设施运行情况等
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 陆新元, DUDEK D, 秦虎, 等. 中国环境行政执法能力建设现状调查与问题分析[J]. 环境科学研究, 2006, 19(增刊1): 1-11.LU X Y, DUDEK D, QIN H, et al. Survey on the capacity of environmental administrative enforcement in China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2006, 19(Suppl 1): 1-11. [2] 袁建喜.基层环境监察执法的不足及对策[J]. 化工管理,2021(15):52-53.YUAN J X. Problems and countermeasures of environmental supervision and law enforcement at grass[J]. Chemical Enterprise Management,2021(15):52-53. [3] 梁红宝.环境监察移动执法系统建设与应用研究[J]. 城市建设理论研究(电子版),2015(2):2866. [4] 仲崇磊, 潘飞, 张福蒸. 北京环境执法信息化建设初探[C]//2007中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集. 北京: 中国环境科学学会, 2007: 843-846. [5] 周聿泓.浅谈深圳市环境监督管理全覆盖移动执法系统的建设和应用[J]. 环境,2008(增刊1):60-61. [6] 陆天静. 环保移动执法管理系统的设计与应用探析[C]//2011中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集. 北京: 中国环境科学学会, 2011: 158-161. [7] 唐小坤, 李月彬. 关于石家庄市环保综合移动执法系统的设想[C]//2011中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集. 北京: 中国环境科学学会, 2011: 702-704. [8] 刘孝富, 刘柏音, 孙启宏, 等. 我国环境监察执法信息系统的发展与展望[J]. 环境保护, 2020, 48(增刊1): 64-67.LIU X F, LIU B Y, SUN Q H, et al. Development and prospect of environmental supervision and law enforcement information system in China[J]. Environmental Protection, 2020, 48(Suppl 1): 64-67. [9] 吴先勇.信息时代下环境监察执法信息系统的完善策略[J]. 资源节约与环保,2016(6):310. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2251.2016.06.242 [10] 杨帆, 孟祥磊.我国环境监察存在的问题与完善研究[J]. 中国环境监察,2016(3):48-52. [11] 赵卫卫, 李光灿.环境监测更好为环境执法和环境管理服务探析[J]. 环境保护与循环经济,2020,40(7):75-77. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1021.2020.07.021 [12] 陈海洋, 陈明.如何促进环境监察信息化[J]. 环境保护,2010,38(18):30-32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9705.2010.18.010 [13] 陈海洋.基于信息系统的环境监察现场执法业务研究[J]. 三峡环境与生态,2010,32(6):24-29.CHEN H Y. The business research of environmental inspection based on the information system[J]. Environment and Ecology in the Three Gorges,2010,32(6):24-29. [14] 李博, 孙梁.便携式仪器的优点及其在环境应急监测中的运用[J]. 科学技术创新,2019(5):159-160. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1328.2019.05.093 [15] 何姝, 王志苗, 李凌伟, 等.便携式仪器的优点及其在环境应急监测中的运用[J]. 环境与发展,2018,30(10):154-155.HE S, WANG Z M, LI L W, et al. Advantages of portable instrument and its application in environmental emergency monitoring[J]. Environment and Development,2018,30(10):154-155. [16] 宋丽. 环境执法应用软件系统中执法业务流程设计[J]. 2016(12): 70. [17] 孙彩萍, 刘孝富, 孙启宏, 等.美国固定源监管机制对我国排污许可证实施的借鉴[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2018,8(2):191-199. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.02.026SUN C P, LIU X F, SUN Q H, et al. An inspiration to pollution permitting system implementation in China from the United States' stationary source supervisory mechanism[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2018,8(2):191-199. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.02.026 [18] 韩雨佟. 基于B/S物联网环境监测系统MySQL数据库的设计与实现[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2014. [19] 苏美文. 物联网产业发展的理论分析与对策研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2015. [20] 邢彦, 毋毅, 吉喆阳, 等.基于物联网技术的环境监测系统[J]. 电子技术与软件工程,2018(1):11. [21] 于永斌.大气污染监测便携式气相检测仪设计应用研究[J]. 环境科学与管理,2019,44(11):118-122. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1212.2019.11.024YU Y B. Design of portable gas phase detector for air pollution monitoring[J]. Environmental Science and Management,2019,44(11):118-122. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1212.2019.11.024 [22] 叶花, 张春花, 农永光.基于紫外吸收法研究便携式大气臭氧分析仪[J]. 价值工程,2019,38(33):169-170.YE H, ZHANG C H, NONG Y G. Research on portable atmospheric ozone analyzer on UVpcx[J]. Value Engineering,2019,38(33):169-170. [23] 王维, 孙金华, 李昂, 等. 基于车载平台的固定源大气污染源排放现场执法遥测技术方法研究[R]. 北京: 中国环境科学研究院. 2019. [24] 唐桂刚, 秦承华. 固定源大气污染物排放现场执法便携快速检测技术研究[R]. 北京: 中国环境监测总站, 2019. [25] 刘名.基于光散射法的便携式PM10浓度监测系统设计[J]. 环境与发展,2018,30(12):159.LIU M. Design of portable PM10 concentration monitoring system based on light scattering method[J]. Environment and Development,2018,30(12):159. [26] 汪旭, 卓俊玲, 隆重, 等.以空气和废气中颗粒物和SO2监测为例分析便携式监测设备进行环境执法的认证体系及方法支撑[J]. 中国环境监测,2020,36(3):144-152.WANG X, ZHUO J L, LONG Z, et al. Analysis of certification system and supporting method for environmental enforcement by portable monitoring equipment: taking particulate and sulfur dioxide monitoring in air and exhaust gas as an example[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,2020,36(3):144-152. [27] 肖磊.基于新常态下环境监察执法的难点和重点分析[J]. 环境与发展,2020,32(2):216-217.XIAO L. Analysis of difficulties and key points of environmental supervision and enforcement based on the new normal[J]. Environment and Development,2020,32(2):216-217. [28] 司明媛.基层环境监察执法的不足及对策[J]. 化工管理,2021(3):130-131. [29] 刘希磊.基层环境监察执法能力的强化管理措施探讨[J]. 化工管理,2019(34):145. □ doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-4800.2019.34.076 -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 328
- HTML全文浏览量: 188
- PDF下载量: 39
- 被引次数: 0
