Abstract: The core of urbanization strategy is to guide the city and the ecological environment to coexist harmoniously and take the road of sustainable development. Liaoning Province is one of the old industrial bases in northeast China, so it is of great significance to study the coordinated relationship between urbanization and eco-environment quality for the sustainable development of Liaoning Province. Coupling degree, coupling coordination degree and geographical detector were used to empirically analyze the urbanization and eco-environmental quality index, coupling coordination degree and influencing factors of Liaoning Province from 2005 to 2019. The results showed that the urbanization and eco-environmental quality index of the province from 2005 to 2019 ranged from 2.44 to 4.79, with an obvious upward trend on the whole. The urbanization index showed a spatial trend of Shenyang and Dalian as the high-value core area with cluster development of surroundings; the eco-environmental quality index showed the trend of Shenyang as the core area with cluster development of surroundings. The coupling coordination degree of provincial scale kept rising steadily, and the regional coupling coordination degree was mainly near disorder and barely disorder, and the spatial distribution pattern was high in Shenyang and Dalian, and low in eastern and western regions. The influence factors involved in the subsystems of ecological environment governance, economic urbanization and social urbanization contribute greatly to the detection power value of the coupling coordination factor between urbanization and ecological environment quality in different periods. The main influencing factors included the built-up area, the number of people participating in the basic endowment insurance, the transportation volume of domestic garbage and the daily treatment capacity of urban sewage. The overall development of urbanization and eco-environment quality in Liaoning Province was good, and the coupling coordination degree needed to be improved. The government should continue to pay attention to eco-environment governance, strengthen environmental protection, and improve people's quality of life.