Abstract: An explosion occurred in a chemical industry park in Jiangsu Province, causing a large amount of high-aniline river water to accumulate in the surrounding rivers, which had high inhibition against activated sludge. Detoxification pretreatment was needed before the polluted river water entered the park wastewater treatment plant for emergency treatment. The pretreatment effects of Fenton oxidation, activated carbon adsorption and biological treatment on the polluted river water were studied and compared. Fenton oxidation method had high treatment efficiency, medium operation cost and the on-site treatment facilities were easy to transform and utilize; finally, it was selected as the detoxification pretreatment process of the high-aniline river water. The operation of the actual emergency treatment project showed that Fenton oxidation pretreatment realized effective aniline removal from the heavily polluted river water. In the fluctuated aniline concentration of 30-90 mg/L, the effluent aniline concentrations of the batch tests was basically stable below 1 mg/L, which ensured the stable operation of the park wastewater treatment plant, and finally the effluent met the discharge standard.