基于文献分析的我国人工湿地植物配置路线优化

Optimization of hydrophyte configuration route in constructed wetlands in China based on literature analysis

  • 摘要: 人工湿地由于投资费用低、净化处理效果好、景观性强被广泛应用于水环境污染修复中,但缺乏完整的针对不同条件的人工湿地植物配置的规范化路线。采用文献检索分析方法,对中国知网210篇人工湿地文献中的465个植物组合数据进行筛选与分析,并根据分析结果构建了人工湿地单物种确定、组合搭配、系统搭建、景观配置、空间配置的植物配置优化路线,提出了每个配置步骤的技术内容与供选植物清单。单物种确定中,提出将菖蒲、 美人蕉、 芦苇、香蒲、鸢尾5种水生植物作为主要功能植物;组合搭配中,根据进水营养盐浓度确定植物的组合方式;系统搭建中,补充不同类型水生植物或冬季水生植物;景观配置中,根据花色、花期、植株高度及观赏特性补充水生植物;空间配置中,从营养盐去除效果、景观效果、人工湿地系统生物多样性、抗水力冲刷能力4个角度配置水生植物。该植物配置路线可为人工湿地设计中植物配置的规范化提供参考。

     

    Abstract: The constructed wetland has been widely used in the remediation of water environment pollution due to its low investment cost, efficient water purification and harmonious landscape. However, there is a lack of complete standardized route for the configuration of plants in constructed wetlands under different conditions. 465 hydrophyte combination data in 210 constructed wetland literatures were screened and analyzed by using the method of literature retrieval and analysis. Based on the analysis results, a five-step hydrophyte configuration route for constructed wetland was constructed, including single species determination, configuration and collocation, system construction, landscape configuration, and space configuration. The technical content of each configuration step and the proposed list of the available hydrophytes were put forward. In the step of single species determination, five species of aquatic plants (Acorus calamus, Canna indica, Phragmites communis, Typha orientalis, Iris tectorum) were identified as the predominant functional hydrophyte. In the step of configuration and collocation, hydrophyte combinations were made according to the nutrient salt concentration of incoming water. In the step of system construction, different types or winter hydrophyte were supplemented. In the step of landscape configuration, hydrophyte was supplemented according to flower color, flowering period, height and ornamental characteristics. In the step of space configuration, the space configuration of hydrophyte was made from nutrient salt removal effect, landscape effect, biodiversity of artificial wetland system, and resistance to hydraulic scouring. This hydrophyte configuration route can provide a reference for the standardization of the hydrophyte configuration during constructed wetland design.

     

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