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摘要: 以新疆开都河流域为研究对象,分别在开都河上游支流、干流及下游博斯腾湖(简称博湖)设置了15、12及17个采样点,于2014年6—10月及2015年6—9月进行了9次水环境调查,探讨了开都河流域不同类型水体理化参数时空分布特征及其形成原因。结果表明,开都河流域支流、干流和博湖水体主要水环境参数时空差异显著。开都河支流和干流pH、水温、矿化度(TDS)、总氮(TN)浓度、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和叶绿素a(Chla)浓度均显著低于下游的博湖,但浊度显著高于博湖,尤其是在6—8月的雨季,而开都河干流水体TP浓度显著高于支流及博湖。博湖TDS均值为1.62 mg/L,水体呈微咸水状态。博湖TDS与TP浓度和CODMn空间分布特征较为一致,表现为西北部>东南部>西南部;TN浓度均值为0.88 mg/L,呈现由西北黄水沟水域及西南河口区向湖心及东部逐步降低的趋势。这种盐分及营养盐的空间分布特征与流域内频繁的农业活动及开都河的污染输入密切相关。Abstract: Taking River Kaidu Catchment as the research object, 15, 12 and 17 sampling sites were set up in the upstream tributaries, the mainstream of River Kaidu and the downstream Lake Bosten, respectively. Nine water environmental investigations were conducted during June to October in 2014 and June to September in 2015. The spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of physiochemical parameters in different water bodies in River Kaidu Catchment were explored, and the related reasons were discussed. The results showed that the main physiochemical parameters in tributaries, mainstream and Lake Bosten differed significantly along different spatial-temporal scales. pH, water temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), total nitrogen (TN), permanganate index (CODMn) and chlorophyll a (Chla) in tributaries and mainstream were significantly lower than those in Lake Bosten, while the turbidity in tributaries and mainstream was significantly higher than that in Lake Bosten, especially during the rainy season from June to August. The concentration of total phosphorous (TP) in mainstream was significantly higher than that in tributaries and Lake Bosten. The average concentration of TDS in Lake Bosten was 1.62 mg/L, indicating a status of oligosaline of this lake. The spatial distributions of TDS, TP and CODMn in Lake Bosten were similar, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of northwest > southeast > southwest. The average concentration of TN in Lake Bosten was 0.88 mg/L, and showed a decreasing trend from the northwest Huangshuigou area and southwest river mouth area to mid-lake as well as the east of the lake. The spatial characteristics of salt and nutrients in Lake Bosten were closely correlated with the frequent agricultural activities in the catchment and the input runoff from River Kaidu.
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Keywords:
- River Kaidu /
- Lake Bosten /
- water environment /
- water quality /
- salinization /
- agricultural activities
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