河流入海口潮间带某工业地块石油烃污染特征及迁移规律

Pollution characteristics and migration law of petroleum hydrocarbons in an industrial site in the intertidal zone of the river estuary

  • 摘要: 以河流入海口潮间带某工业地块为研究对象,采集和分析土壤及地下水样品中的石油烃(TPH),探究TPH在潮间带工业地块土壤和地下水中的迁移规律及潮汐作用的影响。结果表明:地块沿江区域地下水位受潮汐作用影响波动明显,含水层渗透系数平均为1.40 m/d,且近江区域含水层渗透性较好;地块土壤TPH最大超标倍数为1.39倍,污染主要分布于核心生产区,主要赋存于第一个2个不同岩性层间的交界处附近,地层结构和潮汐效应对土壤TPH垂向分布作用明显,当水位下降时TPH向下迁移,部分残留在包气带中,水位上升则导致相反的过程;地块地下水TPH最大超标倍数为95.23倍,污染羽中心与土壤TPH污染主要区域一致,地下水流场对污染物迁移分布影响显著;潮汐效应使得TPH污染羽的范围扩大,地下水水位波动和无长期稳定流向使得TPH在土壤和地下水之间发生数次的重新分配,导致其迁移规律不明显。本研究在一定程度上揭示了潮汐效应引起的潮间带地下水位长期波动对污染物在土壤和地下水中的迁移规律产生的显著影响,可为类似污染地块的有效管控和修复治理提供科学指导。

     

    Abstract: Taking an industrial site in the intertidal zone of the river estuary as the research object, the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) of soil and groundwater samples were collected and investigated, and the migration law of TPHs in the soil and groundwater of the industrial site in the intertidal zone and the influence of tide on it were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the groundwater level in the area along the river of the site fluctuated obviously by tide, the average permeability coefficient of the aquifer was 1.40 m/d, and the permeability of aquifer near the river was better. The maximum exceeding multiple of TPHs in the soil of the site was 1.39 times. The pollution was mainly distributed in the core production area, mainly neared the junction between the first two different lithological layers. The vertical distribution of TPHs in soil was significantly influenced by stratum structure and tidal effect. When the water level decreased, TPHs migrated downward and part of TPHs remained in vadose zone, while when the water level rose, it led to the opposite process. The maximum exceeding multiple of TPHs in the groundwater of the site was 95.23 times, the pollution plume center was consistent with the main areas of soil TPHs pollution, and the groundwater flow field had a significant impact on the migration and distribution of pollutants. The tidal effect expanded the range of TPH pollution plume. The fluctuation of groundwater level with no long-term stable flow direction made TPHs redistribute countless times between soil and groundwater, so that its migration law was not obvious. This study revealed to a certain extent that the long-term fluctuation of the intertidal groundwater level caused by the tidal effect had a significant impact on the migration law of pollutants in the soil and groundwater, which could provide a scientific guidance for the effective control and restoration of similar contaminated sites

     

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