Abstract: Total phosphorus (TP) discharge reduction in Tuojiang River Basin plays an important role in improving water eutrophication in the Three Gorges Reservoir and the Yangtze River Basin. Taking 2017 as the base year, based on TP discharge data of industrial, agricultural and domestic sources in Tuojiang River Basin, the spatial characteristics and contribution rate of pollution sources of TP discharge were analyzed. By introducing the inflow coefficient, TP discharge into the river in Tuojiang River Basin was calculated and the metabolic pathways of TP were analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to reveal the main influencing factors of TP discharge. The results showed that TP discharge and TP into the river were 8324.0 and 3676.9 t in Tuojiang River Basin in 2017, respectively. In terms of river inflow, TP discharge was the largest in Chengdu, followed by Yibin and Luzhou. Livestock breeding was the most significant anthropogenic source of TP emissions, followed by followed by crop farming and urban life. At the stage of entering the river, the TP emissions into the river were the largest in Chengdu, followed by Yibin and Leshan. Urban life was the most significant anthropogenic source of TP discharge into the river, followed by livestock breeding and rural life. Paddy field area, gross domestic product and population size were the main factors affecting TP discharge in Tuojiang River Basin.