Abstract: By sorting out the relevant policies and control measures for the elimination of old vehicles in Beijing since 2011, the emission factor method was used to calculate the emission reduction and environmental benefits of motor vehicle pollution, the role of the policies was analyzed. Combined with the current emission situation of motor vehicle pollution in Beijing, as well as the needs of air quality improvement and carbon emission reduction, the development directions of the policies for the elimination of old vehicles in the future were put forward. The results showed that the implementation of the elimination policies of aging vehicles in Beijing had accelerated the adjustment and optimization of Beijing's motor vehicle structure, the reduction of air pollutant emissions was achieved even with the continuous increasing number of motor vehicles, and good environmental benefits had been achieved. Based on the variation of motor vehicles structure and emissions, the elimination and subsidy policies of aging vehicles could set differentiated and subdivided subsidies to continuously improve the directions and accuracy of the policies. For the future policy directions, it was necessary to further strengthen the formulation of renewal plans based on the emission differences of different vehicle models. For the key vehicle units, it was useful to promote the adjustment of motor vehicle structure and the development of new energy in combination with the management of key carbon emission units in Beijing. On the basis of these policies, the coordinated control of carbon dioxide and air pollutants emitted from vehicles would be achieved.