Abstract: The heavy chemical industry risks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were systematically analyzed from the multi-level perspectives of basin, industry, region and city, including layout risk, local sudden accident risk, the cumulative risk of pollution emission, and the potential chronic risk of toxic and harmful pollutants, etc. Based on the current situation analysis and risk assessment of heavy chemical industry in the typical regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the heavy chemical industry layout and risk prevention and control schemes were formulated and the policies of classification and zoning implemented, according to the overall characteristics of the basin and various industries/regions. The schemes included hierarchical dynamic management and classified management of existing and new parks. In addition, some precise prevention and control options were also proposed, including implementing cross-department and regional collaborative prevention and control to deal with the environmental risks of sudden accidents, realizing management-technology synergy to prevent cumulative outbreak risk, and coordinating river basins and industry types to perform prevention and control for the potential chronic risks. The study could provide systematic solutions and control technologies for heavy chemical industry risks for typical regions and stationary cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, so as to promote high-quality green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.