Abstract: River ecological buffer zone refers to the three-dimensional vegetation zone in a certain area between the river and the land. The ecological buffer construction, proposed by the stationing and tracking research, is one of the important measures to promote the improvement of water ecological environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone and is of great significance to the ecological protection and restoration of the Yangtze River. Based on remote sensing analysis of the main land use in the buffer of Jiangyin shoreline of the Yangtze River mainstream, it was concluded that there were mainly eco-environmental problems such as high intensity of shoreline development, difficulty in achieving water quality standards stably, serious habitat fragmentation and low biodiversity. In view of the above problems, a zoning and classification ecological construction plan was proposed for the buffer: the natural habitat protection section was based on ecological protection, which could be used as a reference state; the habitat ecological restoration section took the block throwing shoreline and the abandoned dock as examples to create habitat conditions and restore the aquatic plant community with reed as the building block species, which could detain pollution and restore the ecological landscape; the urban habitat maintenance section adopted measures such as ecological ditches and depressed green areas to retain and purify pollutants according to local conditions. The scheme could provide a reference for the ecological planning and construction of shoreline buffer zones in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The study also showed that the per capita GDP of Jiangyin City exceeded US10,000 since 2006, which meant that the inflection point of the inverted U-shape of the environmental Kuznets curve had been exceeded. Therefore, Jiangyin City had taken the lead in initiating industrial restructuring along the river and starting the ecological construction of the shoreline buffer zone along the mainstream of the Yangtze River since 2012, and the endogenous demand for the ecological construction of the Jiangyin shoreline buffer zone was consistent with the environmental Kuznets curve.