Abstract: The Yangtze River Protection Law requires that the industrial structure and layout in the river basin should be adapted to the carrying capacity of resources and environment. From the five aspects of society, environment, economy, resources and ecology, the DPSIR model was used to build the evaluation index system of water ecological carrying capacity in Wuhu City, and the entropy weight method and hierarchical quantitative method were used to evaluate the water ecological carrying capacity in the city. The results showed that: from 2011 to 2018, the water ecological carrying capacity of Wuhu City and its districts and counties showed an overall upward trend, the carrying capacity of urban area and Fanchang district was relatively good, while that of Wuwei City, Nanling County and Wanji district was basically bearable. The indicators that had a great impact on the water ecological carrying capacity of Wuhu City were the water consumption of ten thousand yuan GDP, water resources per capita, industrial wastewater discharge, environmental water consumption, etc. Based on the differences among districts and counties, the urban area needed to optimize the water supply structure, Fanchang district needed to increase the input of ecological water consumption, and Wuwei City, Wanji district and Nanling County were required to further improve the sewage collection and treatment rate.