Abstract: The Tongtao River and Xisha River were the typical black and odorous water bodies in the center of Yangzhou City, and the typical river network water bodies in the Yangtze River Basin. The main water environment problems, treatment measures, typical treatment techniques and treatment effects of the Tongtao River and Xisha River were analyzed and expounded. The Tongtao River and Xisha River were identified as black and odorous water bodies before treatment, due to insufficient sewage collection capacity, poor fluidity of water body, random stacking of household garbage, serious sediment deposition, degradation of water ecosystem and so on．In order to solve these problems, Yangzhou City proposed the governance strategies of source pollution control, pollution interception, internal source treatment, hydrodynamic reoxygenation, ecological restoration, fresh water supply and circulation and long-term management. The main measures included diversion of rainwater and sewage pipelines, silt dredging, setting up water circulation equipment, constructing ecological riverbed and bank, and fresh water supply and circulation, etc. Good environmental, economic and social effects had been achieved after restoration of the Tongtao River and Xisha River.