黄石市大冶湖水质变化趋势及成因分析

Variation trend and cause analysis of water quality in Daye Lake of Huangshi City

  • 摘要: 大冶湖作为一条重要的长江支流,其水生态保护和修复对于长江大保护具有重要现实意义。以2015—2020年大冶湖3个常规监测断面溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氨氮、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)数据为基础进行水质评价,分析其水质变化趋势,探讨其水生态环境问题,并提出修复治理措施。结果表明:大冶湖近6年水质总体稳定,介于GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅳ类~Ⅴ类,水体处于轻度富营养状态并有逐步上升的趋势,TN、TP是大冶湖特征污染因子;湖滨缓冲带被侵占、农业农村面源污染突出、城乡污水收集处理设施相对滞后、生活污水处理厂尾水直排入湖是影响大冶湖水质的主要原因;退垸还湖,推进农业农村面源污染治理,完善污水处理厂尾水生态湿地深度净化是下一步大冶湖生态修复和环境治理的重要工作。

     

    Abstract: As an important tributary of the Yangtze River, the protection and restoration of the water ecology of Daye Lake is of great practical significance to the Yangtze River Protection. Based on the water quality data of DO, CODMn, CODCr, NH3-N, TN and TP in three conventional monitoring sections of Daye Lake from 2015 to 2020, the water quality was evaluated and the changing trend of water quality was analyzed. The problems of water ecological environment were discussed, and the remediation measures were put forward. The main conclusions were as follows: The water quality of Daye Lake was generally stable in the past six years, which was between Ⅳ to Ⅴ grade of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). The water body was in a state of mild eutrophication and had a gradual upward trend. TN and TP were the characteristic pollution factors of Daye Lake. The main reasons affecting the water quality of Daye Lake were the lack of lakeside buffer zone, the prominent non-point source pollution in agricultural and rural areas, the lag of sewage collection and treatment facilities in urban and rural areas, and the direct discharge of tailing water from domestic sewage treatment plants into the lake. The important work of ecological restoration and environmental treatment of Daye Lake in the future should include returning dikes to the lake, promoting the treatment of non-point source pollution in agricultural and rural areas, and improving the tailwater of the sewage treatment plant for deep purification of ecological wetlands.

     

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