Abstract: To promote the coordination of ecological protection and economic development in the Yangtze River Basin, it is very necessary to explore and establish the value realization mechanism of ecological products. Starting from the three aspects of ecological products protection, value transformation and guarantee mechanism, the comprehensive index evaluation system was constructed for the value realization effect of ecological products, and the effect and existing problems of ecological products value realization in 37 typical cities (prefectures) in the Yangtze River Basin was comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the total index of value realization effect of ecological products was 70.48 on average, and the sub-indexes of protection effect, transformation effect and guarantee mechanism were 83.48, 57.61 and 70.32, respectively. The ecological products protection effect was good, while the efficiency of value transformation was low and the relevant guarantee mechanism needed to be strengthened. The overall effect of ecological products value realization in the upstream area was better than that in the middle and lower reaches, the value transformation effect of ecological products in the middle reaches was better, and the guarantee mechanism in the lower reaches was better. Accordingly, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward, including strengthening ecological protection and restoration, strengthening the development of premium value of ecological products, and improving the guarantee mechanisms of value accounting, social participation, promotion and coordination of ecological products, etc.