Abstract: In order to improve the urban water ecological environment in Hubei region of the Yangtze River Basin, the characteristics and problems of the urban water eco-environment in the region were investigated from the aspects of water environment, water resources, water ecology and water security. The discharge load of the main pollution sources were analyzed and estimated. The results showed that the domestic sewage was the main pollution source in the region, and COD, NH₃-N, TN and TP from the domestic wastewater accounted for 68.75%, 76.58%, 75.82% and 80.46%, respectively, of the total pollutant discharge from these cities. The main reasons for the urban water eco-environmental problems included the lagging of pipe network construction, overloaded operation of sewage treatment plants, prominent problems of industrial phosphorus chemical industry, phosphate rock and phosphogypsum (briefly called "three phosphorus"), significant contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, serious eutrophication of water bodies and insufficient water safety assurance capacity. In view of the above problems, combined with the actual situation of the cities in the region, the comprehensive improvement countermeasures for water eco-environment were put forward from various aspects. For living sources, the construction of pipe networks should be increased, and the quality and efficiency of sewage treatment plants be improved. For industrial sources, solving the "three phosphorus" problems should be focused on. For water resources, it should adhere to the principle of determining the city by water, developing by the amount of water, and building a water-saving city. In terms of water ecology, the construction of river and lake buffer zone and the biodiversity restoration should be strengthened. And for water security, risk control should be enhanced and emergency warning mechanisms should be established and improved.