Abstract: As one of the economically highly developed regions in China, Jiangsu Province of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the area around Taihu Lake have presented a series of problems in the urban water eco-environment, due to the increasing pollutant discharges brought by urban development and the limited sewage collection and treatment capacity. The characteristics of the urban water eco-environment of 10 cities in this area were summarized from four aspects: water environmental quality, water resources, aquatic ecology and drinking water safety. The existing problems of the regional urban water eco-environment were analyzed from the aspects of pollution source discharge load, urban sewage collection, treatment and reclamation, urban non-point source, industrial sources and risks, aquatic ecology and so on. The results showed that the major source of urban pollutants in the studied region was the urban domestic source, followed by the non-point source in the urban area. The capacity of sewage collection and treatment needed to be improved and the water quality during the rainy season was poor. Industrial pollution showed obvious characteristics in the chemical and textile printing and dyeing industries. The eutrophication and the change of river network structure caused by urbanization led to the degradation of water ecological functions. And then, according to the above characteristics problems and analytical results of regional cities, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for water resources protection, urban domestic source control, urban non-point sources control, industrial pollution and risk prevention and control, and the restoration of water ecology were put forward.