矿山公园土壤重金属的生态与健康风险评价以湖南M矿为例

Ecological and health risk assessment of soil heavy metals in a mining park: a case study of M Mine in Hunan Province

  • 摘要: 矿山公园建设是矿山生态环境修复治理的重要途径,评估土壤修复效果对矿山公园建设运营及游客旅游安全具有重要意义。在湖南M矿山公园非硬化地面采集地表0~30 cm旱土土壤样品66个,测定其中重金属Mn、Cr、Zn、Pb、As、Cu、Ni、Hg的浓度,采用综合污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数法及健康风险评估模型对矿山公园土壤修复后污染状况、潜在生态风险和人类健康风险三方面进行评价。结果表明:M矿山公园土壤中各金属浓度平均值从高到低依次为Mn>Cr>Zn>Pb>As>Cu>Ni>Hg,其中,Cr、Mn、Cu、As和Pb的平均值分别是湖南省土壤背景值的1.23、1.80、1.12、2.05和1.34倍。土壤重金属污染指数为0.51,处于安全级别。各重金属元素单因子潜在风险指数均处于低生态风险级别,重金属综合潜在风险指数均值为81.64,处于低生态风险级别,不存在潜在生态风险。儿童和成人的非致癌风险总值分别为2.46×10−1和7.43×10−2,不会造成非致癌风险;总致癌风险指数为1.38×10−7,不存在致癌风险。经过生态修复后的M矿山公园不存在土壤重金属生态健康风险,适于各类人群开展旅游休闲活动。

     

    Abstract: The construction of mining parks is an important way to restore and manage the ecological environment of mines, and the assessment of the soil remediation effect of mine parks is of great significance to the construction and operation of mining parks and the safety of tourists. 66 soil samples were collected from 0-30 cm of dry soil on unhardened ground in the mining park, and the contents of heavy metals Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb, As, Cu, Ni and Hg were measured. The comprehensive pollution index, potential ecological risk index and health risk assessment model were used to evaluate pollution status, potential ecological risk and human health risk of the remediated soil. The results showed that the average values of each metal element in M Mining Park were Mn > Cr > Zn > Pb > As > Cu > Ni > Hg, where the average values of Cr, Mn, Cu, As and Pb were 1.23, 1.80, 1.12, 2.05 and 1.34 times of the background values of Hunan soil, respectively. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index was 0.51, which was at a safe level. The single factor potential risk index for each heavy metal element was at the low ecological risk level, and the average potential ecological risk index was 81.64, which was at the low ecological risk level, showing there was no potential ecological risk. The total non-carcinogenic risk value for children and adults was respectively 2.46×10−1 and 7.43×10−2, which did not cause non-carcinogenic risk, and the total carcinogenic risk index was 1.38×10−7, which did not have carcinogenic risk. Overall, after ecological restoration, the mine park would have no ecological risk and health risk of heavy metals in soil, suitable for tourism and recreation for various populations.

     

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