Abstract: At present, China is in the critical development period of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and new requirements for "Precise Pollution Control, Scientific Pollution Control and Lawful Pollution Control" is required for pollution prevention and control. Electric power is a strategic resource and core production factor of an enterprise. The electricity consumption data of an enterprise can reflect the economic operation and industrial operation of the enterprise, which has great data mining value and broad application prospects in the field of air pollution prevention and control. The current domestic and foreign research was reviewed on the construction of enterprise pollution emission models based on enterprise electricity consumption data, the identification and supervision of "small unlicensed and polluting" enterprises and "stealthy and leakage emission" enterprises, the supervision and evaluation of pollutant emissions during special control periods, and the construction of fine air pollution source emission inventory. The analysis showed that the use of enterprise electricity consumption data could realize the precise supervision of pollutant discharge of enterprises (especially small and micro enterprises), which could make up for the deficiencies of environmental protection supervision to a certain extent and greatly improve work efficiency. Several issues that needed to be paid attention to in the application of power consumption big data were summarized, and suggestions for the further application of power data in the field of air pollution prevention and control were put forward.