Abstract: The research on the coupling relationship between industrial growth, energy consumption and carbon emission in the Yellow River basin on the scale of urban agglomeration is of great significance for exploring the low-carbon transformation and high-quality coordinated development of urban agglomeration and industry. Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin (HBOY), Guanzhong Plain (GZP) and Central Plains (CP) urban agglomerations were selected as the study areas. The Tapio decoupling model and LMDI factor decomposition method were used to study the decoupling relationship between industrial growth and carbon emission as well as the influencing factors. The results showed that: 1) The industrial economy and carbon emission of HBOY increased almost synchronously by 23 times, while GZP and CP showed obvious non-synchronization. 2) The HBOY moved from the "expansion connection" to the "expansive negative decoupling" since 2014, the GZP moved from the "expansion connection" to the "weak decoupling" since 2007,and the CP had been in a state of weak decoupling. 3) Industrial scale had always been the main restraining factor of carbon decoupling in the three urban agglomerations. Energy intensity had always played a role in promoting carbon decoupling in GZP and CP, but the impact in HBOY had changed from a promoting role to a restraining role since 2014. It was suggested that combined with the national action plan for peak carbon emissions by 2030, differentiated industrial green transformation and carbon emission reduction policies of urban agglomerations should be formulated, to further reduce the scale of high emission and high energy consumption industries in HBOY, to upgrade the industrial structure and energy saving transformation, and to improve the industrial energy efficiency and carbon reduction capacity of GZP and CP.