基于生态系统服务价值的成德绵城市带生态安全格局研究

Research of ecological security patterns based on ecosystem services value in Chengdu-Deyang-Mianyang city belt

  • 摘要: 定量研究与分析成都-德阳-绵阳城市带(成德绵城市带)生态系统服务价值(ESV)变化及其生态安全格局,对区域协同筑牢生态安全屏障,加强生态系统保护,推动国土空间生态修复规划,推进生态文明建设具有重要意义。通过ESV当量法分析2010—2018 年成德绵城市带ESV的时空变化;提取区域内99%、95%、90%置信水平ESV热点区域,识别生态保护核心“源”地;采用最小累积阻力模型,选用高程、土地利用等8 项重要阻力因子得到阻力面,构建区域生态廊道,识别城市带生态安全格局,对跨行政区生态网络空间布局提出优化建议。结果显示:2010—2018 年,研究区ESV总量从1 372.91 亿元升至1 519.93 亿元,其中原材料、气体调节、气候调节、废物处理、土壤形成与保护、生物多样性保护的EVS增长速率高于10%。研究区生态安全水平呈现西北高东南低的空间分布特征,其中高安全及次高安全区面积占比为49.8%,集中在西北部、中南部等区域;中安全及低安全区面积占比为50.2%,主要集中在南部建设用地较多的低海拔城镇地区。识别生态“源”地24 处,占研究区总面积的27.3%,且呈带状分布;生态廊道53 条,生态节点41 个,整体呈现多中心环状,网络连通水平较好。基于研究结果,构建了西北密东南疏的“两轴、三带、四节点”生态网络空间结构。

     

    Abstract: Quantitative research and analysis of the ecosystem services value (ESV) change and ecological security pattern in Chengdu-Deyang-Mianyang (CDM) city belt are crucial for cross-administrative coordination to build an ecological security barrier, strengthen ecosystem protection, advance the ecological restoration planning, and promote the construction of ecological civilization. The spatial and temporal variations of ESV in CDM city belt from 2010 to 2018 were analyzed using ESV equivalence method. Then, 99%, 95% and 90% confidence level ESV hotspots in the region were extracted and the core "source" ecological protection areas were identified. Eight important resistance factors such as elevation and land use were selected to obtain the resistance surface, and the minimal cumulative resistance model was used to construct the regional ecological corridors and identify the ecological security patterns in urban belts. The optimization suggestions of the spatial layout of ecological networks across administrations were proposed. The results showed that from 2010 to 2018, the total value of ecosystem services in the study area increased from 137.291 billion to 151.993 billion, with growth rates above 10 percent for raw materials, gas regulation, climate regulation, waste disposal, soil formation and conservation, and biodiversity conservation. The ecological safety level of the study area showed a spatial distribution characterized by a high level in the northwest and a low level in the southeast, 49.8% of which were with the highest and second-highest safety levels and concentrated in the northwest, south-central and other regions. The medium- and low-security zones accounted for 50.2 percent of the total, mainly concentrated in low-altitude urban areas such as construction sites in the south. 24 ecological "source" sites were identified, accounting for 27.3% of the total area of the study area, and were distributed in a zonal pattern; fifty-three ecological corridors and forty-one ecological nodes were identified, showing an overall polycentric ring shape and an excellent overall level of network connectivity. Based on the research results, the spatial structure of the ecological network of "two axes, three belts and four nodes" was constructed in the northwest (dense) and southeast (sparse), which provided references and suggestions for regional ecological security.

     

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