Abstract: In order to explore the identification methods of key areas of ecological protection and restoration of land space in lake basins, five plateau lake basins in central Yunnan (Dianchi Lake, Fuxian Lake, Xingyun Lake, Qilu Lake and Yangzong Lake) were taken as research examples, the habitat quality model, morphological spatial pattern analysis model, landscape connectivity model, minimum cumulative resistance model and circuit theory were comprehensively used to construct a regional ecological security pattern, identify ecological pinch points, ecological obstacle points and ecological break points, and clarify the key areas of ecological protection and restoration of land space in lake basins. The results showed that: the ecological source areas of the five major plateau lake basins in central Yunnan accounted for 23.43% of the total land area of the whole basins, including 33 ecological source patches, mainly distributed in five plateau lake basins and mountain and forest lands, and the ecological corridors were identified with a total length of 488.85 km and discrete distribution in a network connection. The key areas of ecological restoration in the watershed were identified, including 93 ecological pinch points with an area of 119.17 km², mainly distributed in Dianchi Lake basin, 62 ecological obstacle points in urgent need of protection and restoration with an area of 41.96 km², the overlapping area of ecological pinch points and ecological obstacle points of 17.40 km², and 77 ecological break points, with the densest distribution in Dianchi Lake basin. Combined with the spatial distribution characteristics and land use status of various key areas of ecological protection and restoration in the basins, the directions of ecological protection and restoration improvement were proposed. This method could effectively identify the areas to be repaired by the ecological network, and provide technical support for the ecological protection and restoration of land space.