Abstract: Toilets are the basic facilities of daily life, playing an important role in improving human living environment. Toilet black water mainly consists of feces and urine with a large amount of organics and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and its source separation and recycling are becoming an urgent environmental and technological issue. Through literature research and analysis, the main technical route of toilet black water source separation and recycling was sorted out. Focusing on the source separation of toilet black water, the new developed source separation equipment and their application scope were summarized. Based on the characteristics of fecal wastewater and urine, the research progress of main treatment and resource recycling technologies of different wastewater after source separation were analyzed systematically, and the fundamental tasks of pollution control and efficient recovery of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were revealed. Finally, the challenges on the assessment and green development of toilet black water source separation and recycling technologies, reasonable combination of multiple technologies, and centralized and intelligent operation and management were summarized and relevant suggestions were proposed, according to the current research and engineering application. This study aimed to provide theoretical basis and key reference for promoting the large-scale application of suitable source separation and recycling technologies of toilet black water in accordance with local conditions.