Abstract: The urgency of reducing carbon dioxide as the main greenhouse gas is becoming increasingly prominent, and a series of international shipping carbon reduction measures have entered the stage of compulsory enforcement. Carbon capture technology is the most direct and effective technology for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. However, the research and application of carbon capture technology for ship exhaust is still in its infancy, and there is an urgent need for a large amount of in-depth targeted research. Therefore, the carbon capture technology and its development trend for the exhaust gas of ocean-going ships were discussed. Firstly, the background and current status of carbon capture technology for ship exhaust were introduced, and the current industrial source exhaust treatment schemes and mainstream carbon capture technologies were analyzed and studied. Then, the carbon emission requirements of the International Maritime Organization for the shipping industry were quantified, and the feasibility and applicability of various carbon reduction technologies in the field of shipping were compared. A detailed study was conducted on the challenges and influencing factors encountered by ocean-going vessels using carbon capture technology, including technical requirements, technical costs, equipment reliability, energy consumption, secondary pollution, etc. Finally, based on the combination of historical data and future trend prediction, prospects were made for the future development of carbon capture technology for ocean-going ship exhaust, and improvement methods were proposed to help reduce the carbon footprint of ship emissions.