Abstract: To comprehensively understand the progress of academic research in the field of livestock and poultry wastewater, VOSviewer was used to statistically and visually analyze the literature related to livestock and poultry wastewater in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database from 2003 to 2023 and, through keyword clustering analysis, to understand the main lines of research in this field and the changes over the years. The results showed that the number of publications in the field of livestock and poultry wastewater research had grown rapidly in the past three years, the number of publications had reached 4 117 by 2023, and Chinese and American scholars had contributed more to the research in this field and cooperated closely. Organic matter, nutrients, pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals and antibiotics were the main pollutants in livestock and poultry wastewater treatment, of which heavy metals and antibiotics had attracted more attention in recent years. It was urgent to strengthen the supervision and treatment of antibiotics in livestock and poultry wastewater. The mapping on the time scale revealed that livestock and poultry wastewater was mainly treated with biological treatment technology, and the average occurrence year of the keyword microalgae-based wastewater treatment was 2022, indicating that it was a new technology for the treatment of livestock and poultry wastewater. Besides, the research deficiencies and future development trends of livestock and poultry wastewater treatment were discussed in terms of pollutant types and treatment technologies, and it was proposed that low-energy consumption, shock-resistant, and high-value-added treatment technologies based on the concept of sustainable development may be the focus of future research, and that new water treatment technologies and applied research should be developed on this basis.