Abstract: In order to study the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of oil spill risk of large-scale oil transportation in marine, the spatial analysis model of marine oil spill risk was established by applying the methods of geospatial analysis, big data analysis and mathematical statistics. The changes of oil spill risk regime from 2014 to 2020 were analyzed based on the national coastal ship AIS data, historical oil spill accident data, and ecological environment sensitive area data. The results showed that compared with 2014, the average value and the maximum value of oil spill accident risk index in 2020 increased by about 27.8% and 26.8%, respectively. The change of oil spill accident risk index was about -0.46-0.40. The oil spill accident risk increasing areas were mainly in the north-south channel, Chengshantou, the mouth of the Yangtze River, Taiwan Strait, and the Pearl River estuary sea area. The oil spill accident risk decreasing areas were mainly distributed in the near-shore sea area. The high-risk concentration areas of coastal oil spill accident risk were mainly located in the Bohai Sea - North Yellow Sea, the mouth of the Yangtze River, Taiwan Strait and the Pearl River estuary sea area. There were localized adjustments within the high-risk concentration areas in 2020 compared with 2014, but the distribution pattern of high-risk concentration areas remained unchanged. The research results could provide support for risk control and emergency equipment.