Abstract: In order to identify the water environmental problems in the Zhaolan Xin River, a systematic survey, monitoring and data analysis on water quality, substrate and water ecology from summer 2021 to spring 2022 were conducted. A three-level hierarchical evaluation system was constructed by a multi-index comprehensive analysis method, seven aspects, including physical integrity, water resources and safety, water quality, etc., were selected to build a comprehensive assessment index system for the health of the river ecosystem of the Zhaolan Xin River, and its health status was evaluated. The results showed that Qingken Lake, the source of the Zhaolan Xin River, was with serious pollution, and the mainstream pollution was mainly from agricultural non-point sources. The water ecosystem was subject to high levels of human disturbance, and the river ecosystem was fragile. The overall health evaluation score of the Zhaolan Xin River was 0.26, ranging from 0.20 to 0.40, and the rating was "poor". Among them, the overall health evaluation scores of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river were all lower than 0.4 in all the seven aspects, with some scores below 0.2, and the evaluation rating was "poor" or "extremely poor". It was proposed that the future governance strategy should focus on three aspects, i.e. river management, water pollution control and water ecological restoration, and measures of optimizing section layout, deeply controlling pollution sources and dredging should be implemented to achieve improvement of ecological environment in the Zhaolan Xin River in the future.