Abstract: With the increasing demand for lithium resources in China, a large amount of lithium smelting slag is generated during its extraction from lithium-containing ores. At present, only a small amount of lithium smelting slag is used as building materials, while a large amount of lithium smelting slag is treated by stacking or landfilling, resulting in significant waste of land resources and polluting the environment by flowing into rivers with rainwater. How to effectively dispose of lithium smelting slag has become an urgent problem that lithium smelting enterprises need to solve. The article introduces the physical properties, chemical composition, and phase composition of lithium smelting slag, and discusses the domestic and international resource utilization technologies applied to the slag. Additionally, it explores and analyzes the application technology of lithium smelting slag in building materials, filling materials, foam ceramics, and adsorption materials. Finally, the article proposes that future research on the resource utilization of lithium smelting slag should shift to low-cost, efficient, and easy-to-apply aspects.