Abstract: The boiler flue gas of coal-fired power plants is a long-term, stable, and concentrated source of CO₂, and the most direct and effective way to mitigate the greenhouse effect is to capture CO₂ from the flue gas of power plants. Among them, the absorption method of alcohol amine solution has the most potential and is the most widely used carbon capture technology. However, this method currently has the disadvantage of high regeneration energy consumption. Firstly, the working principles and processes of carbon capture technologies were introduced. Regarding the carbon capture technology based on alcohol amine solution, the current development status of the technology was reviewed, from the aspects of absorbent development, absorption process optimization, desorption process optimization, and composite process optimization. The study suggested that in the future, attention should be paid to developing a new type of alcohol-amine absorbent with a high absorption rate, low regeneration consumption, and low amine consumption. The absorption/desorption rate should be improved in the process optimization, and the system energy consumption should be reduced in the absorption/regeneration process optimization. The composite process optimization should effectively combine various single-process optimization methods to reduce energy consumption to a greater extent.