Abstract: As an important part of achieving the goal of "zero waste in urban and rural areas", returning the agricultural organic waste to farmland is a resource-saving and environmentally friendly utilization path, which is of great significance for improving the rural pollution control level, promoting sustainable development of agriculture, and helping China to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Based on the systematic summary of the main paths and research status of returning agricultural organic waste to farmland, the authors analyzed the impacts of returning agricultural organic waste to farmland on improving soil health and greenhouse gas emissions and proposed feasible solutions to the current problems. The studies showed that returning to farmland could resolve most agricultural organic waste utilization outlets, improving soil fertility and carbon sequestration. However, it also brought new problems, such as increasing pests and diseases in farmland, methane emissions, and the overload of soil manure consumption. In addition, market factors for returning organic waste to farmland were imperfect, making it difficult to form an effective market-closed loop in the short term. Scientific research and institutional construction of returning agricultural waste to farmland should be accelerated from the aspects of constructing a long-term and systematic in situ monitoring network, improving the monitoring and evaluation standard system on the farmland utilization effect of organic waste along with replenishing market elements, in order to offer theoretical support for promoting the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystem, ensuring food security and coping with global climate change.