北京市《火葬场大气污染物排放标准》实施效果评估及修订建议

Evaluation of the implementation effectiveness and revision recommendations for Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Crematory in Beijing

  • 摘要: 殡葬行业大气污染排放具有较大的隐蔽性,因污染控制程度较低受到关注,2015年北京市发布实施了地方标准DB11/ 1203—2015《火葬场大气污染物排放标准》。为了解和掌握标准实施效果,提出对后续标准修订的建议,于2020年7—8月对北京市5台火化机和5台遗物祭品焚烧炉有组织大气污染物排放以及5个火化车间无组织VOCs排放进行现场检测,与标准实施前的污染排放水平进行对比分析,利用ADMS大气扩散模型模拟了对环境空气改善作用。结果表明:标准实施后北京市火化机、遗物祭品焚烧炉污染控制程度提高,排放水平降低,其中颗粒物排放下降94.1%~97.9%,气态污染物排放下降8.9%~97.7%;但部分污染物仍不能稳定达标,CO和NOx容易超标,主要受火化温度和烟气停留时间影响,可考虑进一步改进燃烧设备和净化装置以提升气态污染物达标水平,火化车间室内环境VOCs平均浓度为1 770 μg/m3,约为标准限值的3倍,须引起关注;标准实施后各项污染物排放对周边环境影响降低,NOx、SO2、CO和颗粒物最大浓度贡献分别下降了99.1%、99.0%、98.5%和98.3%,下降后浓度分别为0.007、0.003、0.060和0.020 μg/m3。建议后续调整基准含氧量,更能反映实际状况;加强烟气净化系统运行维护和无组织排放管理;推动恶臭物质研究,考虑将VOCs排放纳入标准控制指标,探索火葬场飞灰科学处理处置途径。

     

    Abstract: Air pollutant emissions from the funeral industry are relatively hidden and have attracted attention due to the low level of pollution control. In 2015, Beijing issued and implemented the local standard Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Crematory (DB11/ 1203-2015). In order to understand and grasp the implementation effect of the standard and put forward suggestions for the revision of the standard, we conducted actual on-site monitoring of organized air pollutants from 5 cremators and 5 incinerators for sacrificial offerings in Beijing, as well as unorganized VOCs emissions from 5 crematoriums from July to August 2020, compared and analyzed the pollutant emission levels before the implementation of the standard, and used the ADMS diffusion model to simulate the improvement of ambient air. The results showed that after the implementation of the standard, the pollution control level of cremators and incinerators for sacrificial offerings in Beijing had been improved, and the emission level had been reduced. Among them, particulate matter emissions had decreased by 94.1%-97.9%, and gaseous pollutant emissions had decreased by 8.9%-97.7%. Some pollutants still could not meet the standards stably, and CO and NOx were prone to exceed the standards, which were mainly affected by the cremation temperature and flue gas residence time. Further to improve combustion equipment and purification devices could be considered to enhance compliance with the standard. It should be noted that the average concentration of unorganized VOCs in the indoor environment of the crematorium was 1 770 μg/m3, nearly 3 times the standard limit. After the implementation of the standard, the impact of various pollutant emissions on the surrounding environment was reduced. The maximum concentration contributions of NOx, SO2, CO and particulate matter had decreased by 99.1%, 99.0%, 98.5% and 98.3%, respectively, and the concentrations after the decrease were 0.007, 0.003, 0.060 and 0.020 μg/m3, respectively. It was recommended to adjust the baseline oxygen content in the future to better reflect the actual situation, strengthen the operation and maintenance of the flue gas purification system and the management of unorganized emissions, promote the research on odorous substances, incorporate VOCs emissions into the standard control indicators, and explore scientific treatment and disposal methods for fly ash from crematoriums.

     

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