Abstract: Coal plays a crucial role in the national energy structure, while coal gangue represents a significant solid waste generated during coal mining operations. In China, the annual emissions of coal gangue are substantial, with a low comprehensive utilization rate. The long-term open storage of coal gangue leads to environmental pollution and resource wastage, making the development of efficient disposal and comprehensive utilization methods an urgent priority. This paper analyzes the relevant policies surrounding coal gangue in China and explores pathways for its comprehensive use. It describes the physical and chemical properties of coal gangue and systematically summarizes existing methods for its comprehensive utilization. The paper propose a layered construction approach that includes an impermeable layer (with a permeability coefficient < 1×10⁻⁷ cm/s), a barrier layer (utilizing a fly ash-lime system), a closed layer (consisting of gangue and solid waste cementitious materials), a filling layer (producing gangue-based nutrient soil), and a vegetation layer (incorporating microorganisms and plants in synergy). This framework facilitates a "pollution blocking-structural stabilization-ecological reconstruction" technology. Case studies demonstrate that this technology can effectively prevent pollution, stabilize structures, and reconstruct ecosystems. Specifically, it has been shown to achieve the annual consumption of over 2 million tonnes of coal gangue in a single project, increase vegetation coverage in ecological backfill areas, reduce emissions of pollutants such as PM_2.5 and SO₂, and lower the leaching concentration of heavy metals in soil. However, challenges remain, including material property heterogeneity, the absence of a long-term monitoring system, and a lack of cross-regional synergistic mechanisms. Future efforts should focus on integrating multiple sources of solid waste, developing intelligent monitoring networks, and innovating the "restoration + industry" model. These strategies aim to transition coal gangue resource utilization from project demonstration to systematic application. This paper offers new solutions for the resource utilization of coal gangue and provides theoretical support for the green transformation and sustainable development of the coal industry.