Abstract: Surface dust is a primary pollution source in urban stormwater runoff and a major carrier of various runoff pollutants. It is crucial for effectively controlling runoff pollution to understand its pollution characteristics and patterns. Bibliometric was used to systematically review research publications (2017—2023) on urban surface dust at home and abroad. The research progress was comprehensively summarized and analyzed from four aspects: physical and chemical properties, spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of pollution, source apportionment, and accumulation process and influencing factors. The results showed that the number of publications related to surface dust research in both WoS and CNKI databases from 2017 to 2023 exhibited an initial increase followed by a decline. The research hotpots in both English and Chinese literature focused on heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), source apportionment, and risk assessment. Particle size was an important physical characteristic that affected the type and concentration of pollutants carried by surface dust. Emerging pollutants were gaining attention, such as substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SPAHs) and microplastics and other chemical indicators. Surface dust had higher levels of heavy metals, PAHs, and microplastics in urban commercial, traffic, and industrial areas. However, parks and green spaces had higher levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Significant seasonal differences of surface dust pollution were related to pollution sources and climatic factors. Heavy metals in urban surface dust were from both natural and human activities, while PAHs primarily came from the incomplete combustion of organic matter. The source apportionment of nitrogen and phosphorus remained inconclusive. Functional forms such as power functions, exponential functions, and saturation functions could describe the accumulation process of urban surface dust well. Future research should focus on the forms of pollutant occurrence and their migration and transformation mechanisms, and deeply explore the spatial and temporal evolution patterns and mechanisms of different types of underlying surfaces, and accurately identify the sources of various pollutants, and investigate universal forms for describing the accumulation process of surface dust.