广东省典型城市公园土壤重金属来源解析及风险评估

Source analysis and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in soils of typical of urban parks in Guangdong Province

  • 摘要: 为探讨城市公园土壤重金属污染特征及潜在风险,选择广东省的深圳市、惠州市和肇庆市3个城市作为研究区域,采集36个城市公园共计181个城市公园土壤样品,测定了Pb、Cd、Cr、Zn、Mn、Ni、Cu和V共8种重金属浓度,利用APCS-MLR模型和PMF模型分析了土壤重金属的主要来源、采用改良版的潜在生态风险模型(NIRI)和健康风险评估模型开展风险评估,并结合4种模型明确优先控制因子。结果显示,惠州市城市公园土壤中仅有Pb的浓度平均值(30.42 mg/kg)高于背景值,主要来源为交通源;肇庆市城市公园土壤中的Cd(0.74 mg/kg)、Cu(59.04 mg/kg)、Pb(88.13 mg/kg)和Zn(104.52 mg/kg)的浓度平均值均高于背景值,主要来源为农业和交通混合源;深圳市城市公园土壤中的Pb(46.91 mg/kg)和Cu(41.00 mg/kg)2种重金属浓度平均值高于背景值,来源分别为交通源和工业源。3个城市公园土壤重金属均存在潜在生态风险,肇庆市公园土壤潜在生态风险最大。城市公园土壤重金属对成人和儿童产生的非致癌健康风险均在可接受范围内。工业源为首要管控源,Cd和Cu为首要管控因子。

     

    Abstract: Three cities in Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, Huizhou and Zhaoqing, were selected as the research area, and total 181 soil samples from 36 city parks were collected to determine the contents of eight heavy metals, including Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cu, and V. The primary sources of soil heavy metals were analyzed by the Absolute Principal Component Scores-Multiple Linear Regression (APCS-MLR) model and the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, and the risk assessment was conducted employing a refined version of the Potential Ecological Risk Index (NIRI) alongside the Health Risk Assessment model, while the four models were combined to identify priority control factors. Our results showed that the average values of two heavy metals, Pb (46.91 mg/kg) and Cu (41.00 mg/kg), were higher than the background values for urban soils in China in the urban park soils of Shenzhen, and the sources were traffic sources and industrial sources, respectively; only the mean value of the element Pb (30.42 mg/kg) in the soil of the urban park in Huizhou was higher than the background value of Guangdong Province, and the main source was the traffic source; Zhaoqing park soil mean values of Cd (0.74 mg/kg), Cu (59.04 mg/kg), Pb (88.13 mg/kg) and Zn (104.52 mg/kg) exceeded the background values, with the main sources being a mixture of agricultural and traffic sources. The potential ecological risk associated with soil heavy metals was present in all three city parks, with Zhaoqing Park exhibiting the highest level of potential ecological risk. The non-carcinogenic health risks posed by soil heavy metals in urban parks are deemed acceptable for both adults and children. Industrial activities are the chief contributors, with cadmium (Cd and Cu) recognized as the primary element requiring regulation. The present study provides data support and theoretical reference for future related research, and is of great practical significance for safeguarding the safety of urban ecological environment and the prevention and control of residents' health.

     

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