基于环境DNA宏条形码的东西溪鱼类物种多样性分析

Diversity of fish species in Dongxixi Watershed based on environmental DNA metabarcoding

  • 摘要: 摘要  2023年-2024年分别在丰水期、枯水期、平水期使用环境DNA宏条形码(eDNA metabarcoding)和传统网具法检测了厦门市东西溪流域鱼类群落结构及多样性。结果显示,利用eDNA metabarcoding在丰水期共检测到134种鱼类,显著高于枯水期和平水期(61种、48种),不同水文时期鱼类组成均以鲤形目和鲈形目为主,占检测鱼类的59.96%—99.56%,且存在以齐氏罗非鱼、奥利亚罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼为主的鱼类生态入侵现象。东西溪流域不同采样点之间鱼类α多样性均无显著性差异,丰水期鱼类多样性指数和丰富度指数均显著高于枯水期和平水期(P<0.05),均匀度指数枯水期显著高于丰水期和平水期(P<0.05)。非度量多维尺度分析(non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)显示枯水期和平水期样本间异质性较低,物种组成相似,丰水期和其他两个水文时期鱼类种类组成差异显著,异质性较高。此外,eDNA方法检测出的鱼类物种数显著高于传统方法所捕获的鱼类物种数,且检出鱼类的生态类型(摄食习惯、栖息水层和耐污性)也高度一致。本研究实了eDNA宏条形码技术用于调查流域渔业资源的可行性,且在鱼类物种检出效率上优于传统形态学,与传统检测相结合,可以进一步增加监测调查的可靠性。

     

    Abstract: Abstract  This study used environmental DNA metabarcoding and traditional netting methods to detect the fish community structure and diversity in Dongxixi Watershed in Xiamen from 2023 to 2024 respectively in the flood season, dry season, and normal water season. The result showed that a total of 134 fish species were detected by eDNA metabarcoding, during the flood season, which was significantly higher than that in dry season and normal water season (61 and 48 species, respectively). The fish composition in different hydrological periods was dominated by Cypriniformes and Perciformes, accounting for 59.96%-99.56% of the total detected fish species. There was an ecological invasion phenomenon of Tilapias species such as Coptodon zillii, Oreochromis aureus, Oreochromis niloticus. There was no significant difference in fish alpha diversity among different sampling points in Dongxixi Watersheds. The Shannon index and Margalef index in wet season were significantly higher than those in dry season and normal season (P<0.05), while the Pielou index in dry season was significantly higher than those in wet season and normal season (P<0.05). Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) shows that the heterogeneity between dry season and normal season was low and the species composition was similar, while the fish species composition in wet season and other two hydrological periods were significantly different and the heterogeneity was high. Moreover, the number of fish species detected by eDNA method was significantly higher than that captured by traditional methods, and the ecological types of fish obtained (feeding habits, habitat and tolerance) were highly consistent. This study proves that eDNA metabarcoding technology is feasible in the fishery resources survey in the watershed, and it is better than traditional morphology investigation in the number of species detected efficiency. Combined with traditional detection, it can further increase the reliability of monitoring investigation. 

     

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