Abstract: The Green Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is conducive to the sustainable development of participating countries while providing significant support for addressing climate change challenges. This article explores the potential and challenges of the Green BRI in promoting low-carbon development and environmental protection by analyzing its implementation achievements, challenges, and corresponding strategies. The study finds that the Green BRI has achieved notable results in areas such as member development, low-carbon awareness, and greenhouse gas emission reduction. However, the implementation of the initiative still faces numerous challenges, including differences among countries, a large emission baseline, and issues of funding shortages and uneven distribution. Based on these findings, the article proposes strategies such as constructing differentiated Green BRI cooperation models, promoting steady structural reforms, and fostering a new pattern of multilateral investment and multi-party leadership. These recommendations aim to provide references for the sustainable advancement of the Green BRI, assist participating countries in achieving green and low-carbon transitions, and contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to global climate governance.