不同商品化微生物菌剂在固原地区牛粪堆肥中的应用效果

Application effect of different commercial microbial inoculants for cattle manure composting in Guyuan region

  • 摘要: 针对冷凉地区堆肥效率低和商品化菌剂适应性差的问题,以固原地区(年均温6~8 ℃)规模化牛场的鲜牛粪为原料,系统比较了3种典型商品化菌剂(北京晖茂T1、上海联业T2、宁夏五丰T3)与对照组(CK)的堆肥效果,重点分析了菌剂在低温环境下的升温特性及养分保存机制。结果表明:1)低温适应性:在环境温度≤32 ℃时,T3菌剂仍能维持(0.82±0.05) ℃/h的升温速率〔T1:(0.45±0.03) ℃/h;T2:(0.61±0.04) ℃/h〕,且较CK组提前36.2 h达到50 ℃的高温阈值(P<0.01),高温期(≥55 ℃)持续(6.5±0.3)d,完全满足无害化处理的要求;2)养分增效:T3组的总氮含量显著提高38.5%±2.1%(CK: 12.3%±1.5%),有机质降解率降低19.7%(北京晖茂T1和上海联业T2的平均降解率为42.5%),最终发芽指数(GI)达85.4%±3.2%(CK: 52.1%±4.5%)。本研究首次证实宁夏本土菌剂(T3)在低温堆肥中的综合优势,其耐低温特性和高效有机物降解能力,使其特别适合固原地区的牛粪堆肥处理,为冷凉地区畜禽粪污资源化利用提供了可靠的技术选择。

     

    Abstract: To address the challenges of low composting efficiency and poor adaptability of commercial microbial inoculants in cold regions, this study systematically evaluated the composting effect of three typical commercial inoculants (Beijing Huimao T1, Shanghai Lianye T2, and Ningxia Wufeng T3) against a control group (CK) using fresh cattle manure from large-scale farms in Guyuan region (mean annual temperature: 6~8 ℃) as raw material, with a focus on analyzing their thermal characteristics and nutrient preservation mechanisms under low-temperature conditions. Key findings included: (1) Low-temperature adaptability: at ambient temperatures ≤32 ℃, T3 maintained a heating rate of 0.82±0.05 ℃/h (T1: 0.45±0.03 ℃/h; T2: 0.61±0.04 ℃/h), and reached the 50 ℃ threshold 36.2 h earlier than CK (P<0.01). The thermophilic phase (≥55 ℃) lasted for 6.5±0.3 d, fully meeting the requirements of harmless treatment standards. (2) Nutrient enhancement: T3 significantly increased total nitrogen content by 38.5±2.1% (CK: 12.3±1.5%), reduced organic matter degradation rate by 19.7% (average degradation rate of Beijing Huimao T1 and Shanghai Lianye T2: 42.5%), and achieved a final germination index (GI) of 85.4±3.2% (CK: 52.1±4.5%). This study provides the first evidence of the comprehensive advantages of Ningxia's indigenous microbial agent (T3) in low-temperature composting. Its cold-tolerant properties and efficient organic matter degradation capacity make it particularly suitable for cattle manure composting in Guyuan region, offering a reliable technical solution for livestock waste recycling in cold areas.

     

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