Abstract: Polysulfonated drilling cuttings are the primary solid waste generated from polysulfonated drilling fluids during oil and gas extraction. They exhibit complex composition, containing residues of drilling fluid additives, formation minerals, heavy metals, and organic pollutants. With the expansion of oil and gas extraction, their annual production has exceeded one million tons, making harmless treatment and resource utilization crucial. In terms of harmless treatment, high-temperature oxidation can effectively reduce volume and detoxify; gel-breaking, destabilization, and pressure filtration technology offers low cost and suitability for large-scale treatment; solidification can stabilize heavy metals but struggles to degrade organic pollutants; biodegradation is environmentally friendly yet involves long processing cycles; and chemical leaching is simple but requires balancing efficiency and cost. In terms of resource utilization, polysulfonated drilling cuttings are rich in components such as SiO₂, CaO, and Al₂O₃, making them suitable for producing non-fired bricks, fired bricks, and roadbed materials. However, several challenges hinder their broader application, including unclear pollutant release mechanisms, high treatment costs, and insufficient adaptability of processing technologies. Future efforts should focus on in-depth research into the migration of pollutants during treatment and utilization, assessment of long-term environmental risks, exploration of high-value resource utilization pathways, improvement of relevant policies and standards, and development of green, low-carbon treatment technologies. These measures aim to achieve efficient, economical, and sustainable management of polysulfonated drilling cuttings.