Abstract: Pollutants discharged from petrochemical, paper-making, metallurgical, and textile industries have continuously accumulated in soils and groundwater, posing persistent ecological and health risks that necessitate effective remediation technologies. Ultrasound has attracted increasing attention as a mature physical technology with its potential in enhancing environmental remediation. This study systematically summarizes recent research progress on ultrasound-assisted remediation, elucidates its mechanisms and cavitation effects, and emphasizes its applications and challenges in soil washing, advanced oxidation, and microbial remediation. The results demonstrate that the cavitation effects generated by ultrasound can accelerate reaction kinetics and intensify multiphase mass transfer, thereby systematically improving the overall performance of various remediation processes. Moreover, ultrasound exhibits broad applicability across different media and reaction pathways. This intrinsic versatility is highly consistent with the core challenges of petrochemical site remediation, such as complex pollutant mixtures, diverse occurrence states, and mass-transfer limitations, thereby highlighting its considerable technological potential for in-situ remediation of petrochemical sites. Based on the remediation demands of petrochemical sites, this study further envisions the development of in-situ ultrasonic remediation systems under the "production while remediation" framework, focusing on safety controllability, directional energy utilization, and intelligent regulation. As a green and controllable technology, ultrasound-assisted remediation is expected to overcome the limitations of conventional approaches and provide novel strategies and technical support for the safe and efficient restoration of complex industrial sites in the future.