Abstract: With the rapid development of China's photovoltaic industry, the efficient recycling and treatment of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules has emerged as a significant challenge. Pyrolysis recovery technology has become a research hotspot because of its high efficiency and speed. This study systematically reviewed related research progress of the pyrolysis process, methods, and technologies at home and abroad, and analyzed the pyrolysis mechanism, characteristics of pyrolysis products, key factors in pyrolysis technology, as well as the current main pyrolysis technologies and their existing problems. The research shows that the recovery rate and purity of precious metals, silicon wafers, and glass can be improved by optimizing the pyrolysis process parameters and combining a variety of technical means, and the economy of the recovery system can be improved. In the future, intelligent control, multi-component co-pyrolysis mechanism research, and continuous treatment equipment need to be developed to promote industrialization.