Abstract: Soil infiltration Systems (SIS) are widely applied in decentralized rural wastewater treatment due to their low construction and operation costs and high ecological compatibility. However, during long-term operation, SIS are prone to clogging induced by the combined effects of physical, chemical, microbial, and plant-related factors. This clogging leads to a decline in hydraulic performance and pollutant removal efficiency and may ultimately result in system failure, thereby becoming a key constraint on the engineering application and wider implementation of SIS. To promote the application of SIS, this study systematically reviews relevant domestic and international research and provides a comprehensive analysis of clogging mechanisms and their major influencing factors. The results indicate that critical clogging-related parameters, such as media particle size, influent suspended solids (SS) concentration, and hydraulic loading rate, can be selected or regulated during system design and routine operation to effectively mitigate clogging without a significant increase in cost. In addition, clogging identification has emerged as an important research focus: macroscopic indicators reflect the direct operational consequences of SIS clogging, whereas microscopic approaches are essential for elucidating clogging mechanisms, types, and severity. Looking ahead, interactions exist among SIS operational parameters, and further research is needed to determine optimal parameter selection and clarify their coupled effects in order to enhance SIS performance and service life through simple and cost-effective approaches.