厨余垃圾高效原位降解复合菌剂构建及效能评价

Construction and performance evaluation of a composite microbial agent for efficient in-situ degradation of kitchen waste

  • 摘要: 针对偏远乡镇及分散厨余垃圾集运不便的现状,提升原位处理效率的关键在于构建高效的降解菌剂。以胞外酶活性为筛选指标,从环境样本中筛选出4株细菌、2株放线菌与2株真菌,构建了一种对淀粉、蛋白质、油脂及纤维素具有协同降解功能的复合菌剂。为提升菌剂效能,采用响应面法协同优化混合发酵与固态载体吸附工艺,成功制备出稻壳基固体菌剂。通过小型生物处理机进行的小试验证,结果表明,在厨余垃圾与菌剂投加质量比为20∶3的最佳工况下,仅需24 h处理,湿重与干物质减重率即分别达到88.21%和80.89%。相较于市售EM菌剂,该复合菌剂不仅将干物质降解率提升约13%,更在15 d的连续运行中展现出良好的稳定性。研究成果验证了该特定菌群在原位处理场景下的应用潜力,为厨余垃圾源头快速减量与资源化提供了有力的技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: Given the inconvenience of collecting and transporting kitchen waste from remote towns and scattered locations, the key to enhancing the efficiency of in-situ treatment lies in constructing an efficient degrading microbial agent. We screened four bacteria, two actinomycetes, and two fungi from environmental samples using extracellular enzyme activity as the screening indicator, and developed a composite microbial agent capable of synergistically degrading starch, protein, lipids, and cellulose. To enhance the efficacy of the microbial agent, we employed response surface methodology to synergistically optimize the mixed fermentation and solid-carrier adsorption processes, thus successfully preparing a rice husk-based solid microbial agent. Bench-scale verification was conducted using a small-scale bioreactor unit. The results demonstrated that under the optimal mass ratio of food waste to microbial agent of 20∶3, the wet and dry matter reduction rates reached 88.21% and 80.89%, respectively, after only 24 hours of treatment. Compared to commercially available EM microbial agents, this composite microbial agent not only improved the dry matter degradation rate by approximately 13%, but also exhibited good stability during continuous operation for 15 days. This research verifies the application potential of the specific microbial community in in-situ treatment scenarios, and provides strong technical support for the rapid reduction and resource recovery of kitchen waste at the source.

     

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