不同入侵程度大狼杷草对根际土壤真菌的影响

Effects of different invasion intensities of Bidens frondosa L. on rhizosphere soil fungal communities

  • 摘要: 大狼杷草(Bidens frondosa L.)是原产北美洲的一年生草本植物,具有表型可塑性高、竞争能力强、繁殖能力旺盛等入侵特征,是北京市湿地典型的外来入侵植物之一。外来植物与土壤真菌互作是驱动其成功入侵的重要机制。为探究土壤真菌对大狼杷草不同入侵程度的响应及关键影响因素,在北京市4处湿地生境设置未入侵(盖度0)、轻度入侵(0<盖度≤35%)、中度入侵(35%<盖度≤75%)和重度入侵(盖度>75%)4种入侵程度,共采集96份土壤样本,结合高通量测序、土壤理化性质和酶活性分析,探究土壤真菌对大狼杷草入侵程度的响应过程。结果显示:随着入侵程度的增加,土壤酶活性(酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶)以及有机质、全氮等关键养分指标均呈上升趋势。大狼杷草入侵程度未显著改变根际土壤真菌群落的α多样性,但β多样性存在显著差异。大狼杷草入侵后罗兹菌门和捕虫霉菌门随着入侵程度的增加先降低再增加。冗余分析表明,大狼杷草根际土壤真菌群落组成分布与土壤因子密切相关,共解释了真菌群落组成变化的52.97%。相关性分析表明,罗兹菌门与有效磷、全氮、含水量呈正相关关系,与速效钾、全钾、硝态氮、脲酶呈负相关关系;捕虫霉菌门与有效磷、有机质、全氮、铵态氮、含水量呈正相关关系,与pH、速效钾、全钾、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶呈负相关关系。综上,不同入侵程度大狼杷草根际土壤环境和真菌群落组成呈现显著的梯度变化,土壤养分、水分及酶活性可能是影响真菌群落结构变化的重要环境因素。

     

    Abstract: Bidens frondosa L. is an annual herbaceous plant native to North America. Owing to its high phenotypic plasticity, strong competitive ability, and prolific reproductive capacity, it has become one of the typical invasive alien plants in the wetlands of Beijing. Interactions between alien plants and soil fungi are considered important mechanisms driving successful biological invasions. To investigate the responses of soil fungal communities to different invasion intensities of B. frondosa and identify the key influencing factors, we selected four wetland habitats in Beijing and established four invasion intensities, including non-invaded (coverage=0), lightly invaded (0<coverage≤35%), moderately invaded (35%<coverage≤75%), and heavily invaded (coverage>75%). A total of 96 soil samples were collected. Using high-throughput sequencing combined with analyses of soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities, we explored the response patterns of soil fungal communities to different invasion intensities of B. frondosa. The results showed that, with increasing invasion intensity, the activities of soil enzymes (acid phosphatase and catalase), as well as key soil nutrient indicators including organic matter and total nitrogen, exhibited an increasing trend. Invasion intensity of B. frondosa did not significantly affect the α-diversity of rhizosphere soil fungal communities, whereas significant differences were observed in β-diversity. After invasion by B. frondosa, the relative abundances of Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota first decreased and then increased with increasing invasion intensity. Redundancy analysis indicated that the composition and distribution of rhizosphere soil fungal communities were closely associated with soil factors, which together explained 52.97% of the variation in fungal community composition. Correlation analysis indicated that Rozellomycota showed positive correlations with available phosphorus, total nitrogen, and soil moisture, and negative correlations with available potassium, total potassium, nitrate nitrogen, and urease activity. Zoopagomycota was positively associated with available phosphorus, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and soil moisture, but negatively associated with pH, available potassium, total potassium, urease activity, catalase activity, and sucrase activity. In summary, the rhizosphere soil environment and fungal community composition of B. frondosa showed significant gradient changes under different invasion intensities, and soil nutrients, soil moisture, and enzyme activities may serve as important environmental factors affecting fungal community structure.

     

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