Abstract: Due to its antibacterial properties, Silver nanoparticles has been widely used in various fields, such as environment, agriculture and medicals, etc. Previous studies had investigated the health effects and action mechanism of silver nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro studies. However, due to the limitation of study design or research conditions, the previous research results were still insufficient and the health effects and action mechanism of silver nanoparticles still unclear. The research progress in toxicology of silver nanoparticles in recent years was reviewed, and the lack of current research as well as future research prospects discussed.