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摘要: 在突发环境污染事件和区域生态风险筛查中迫切需要环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术手段。环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术有电化学方法和生物学方法。电化学检测方法主要是阳极溶出伏安法(Anodic Stripping Voltammetry,ASV),可以同时检测多种重金属离子,有标准化认证的产品,但是检测成本相对较高。随着纳米粒子技术(Nanoparticles,NPs)和石英微天平分析技术(Quartz Crystal Microbalance,QCM)的引入,ASV法的检测成本将不断降低;生物检测方法包括免疫检测(Immunoassay,IA)和功能DNA(Functional DNA)检测技术。重金属离子的免疫检测技术样品通量大,检测成本低,已经广泛用于食品行业,其中汞离子的免疫检测方法已经成为环境样品标准检测方法之一。免疫检测传感器技术将拓展重金属离子的快速检测的应用空间。功能DNA传感器检测的研究为重金属离子的快速检测提供了新的技术手段,但是这些仅限于实验室研究,还没有达到实际应用的水平。Abstract: The rapid testing technology for heavy metal ions in environmental samples is in urgent need in the screening level in unexpected environmental pollution incidents and regional ecological risk assessment. Rapid detection methods of heavy metal ions in environmental samples include electrochemical methods and biological methods. There are standardized products of electrochemical anodic stripping voltammetry that can detect several heavy metal ions simultaneously. But the test costs are relatively high. With the nano-particle technology and quartz crystal microbalance analyzer introduced, ASV method will continue to reduce testing costs; Biological detection methods, including the immunoassay and functional DNA detection techniques. Heavy metal ions immunoassay has high-through out samples, testing, low cost. It has been widely used in food examination, which the immunoassay of mercury ions in environmental samples has become the standard testing methods. Immunosensor technology will extend the application space of rapid detection of heavy metal ions. Research of functional DNA sensor will provide a new technical means for the detection of heavy metal ions, but these studies in laboratory have not reached the level of practical application.
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Key words:
- heavy metal /
- ASV /
- immunoassay /
- functional DNA
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